
Clark
As a matter of fact, Mr. Clark actually never had the time to write a bio page. Poor Clark. So instead, let me treat you to a textual excerpt from The Summa Theologica, by St. Thomas Aquinas, Pt. II of Pt. II, "The Supplement to the Treatise on Active and Contemplative Life, QUESTION XXII. 'Of the precepts relating to hope and fear (In Two Articles).'" Woohoo! In exchange for this brief selection of scholastic theology, I would suggest glancing up at Clark's pictures after every paragraph. Enjoy!
"Since, however, when once the Law has been given, it is for a wise man to induce men not only to observe the precepts, but also, and much more, to safeguard the foundation of the Law, therefore, after the first promulgation of the Law, Holy Writ holds out to man many inducements to hope, even by way of promise, as in the Law; for instance in the Psalm (6I. 9) : Hope (Dousay, Trust) in Him all ye congregation of the people, and in many other passages of the Scriptures.
Reply Obj. I. Nature inclines us to hope for the good which is proportionate to human nature ; but for man to hope for a supernatural good he had to be induced by the authority of the Divine law, partly by admonitions and commands. Nevertheless there was need for those things to which natural reason inclines us, such as the acts of the moral virtues, for the sake of insuring a greater stability, especially since the natural reason of man was clouded by the lusts of sin.
Reply Obj. II. The precepts of the law of the decalogue belong to the first promulgation of the Law. Hence there was no need for giving a precept of hope among the precepts of the decalogue, and it was enough to induce men to hope by the inclusion of certain promises, as in the case of the first and fourth commandments.
Reply Obj. III. In those observances to which man is bound as under a duty, it is enough that he receive an affirmative precept as to what he has to do, in which is implied the prohibition of what he must avoid doing. Thus he is given a precept concerning the honour due to partents, but not a prohibition against dishonouring them, except by the law inflicting punishment on those who dishonour their parents. And since in order to be saved it is man's duty to hope in God, he had to be induced to do so by one to the above ways, affirmatively, so to speak, and in which is implied the prohibition of the opposite.
We proceed thus to the Second Article: It would seem that, in the Law, there should not have been given a precept of fear.
Obj. I. For the fear of God is about things which are a preamble to the Law, since it is the beginning of wisdom (Ps. II0. I0). Now things which are a preamble to the Law do not come under a precept of the Law. Therefore no precept of fear should be given in the Law.
Obj. II. Further, Given the cause, the effect is also given. Now love is the cause of fear, since every fear proceeds from some kind of love, as Augustine states (QQ. LXXXIII, qu. 33). Therefore given the precept of love, it would have been superfluous to command fear.
Obj. III. Further, Presumption, in a way, is opposed to fear. But the Law contains no prohibition against presumption. Therefore it seems that neither should any precept of fear have been given.
On the contrary, It is written (Deut. I0.I2) : And now, Israel, what doth the Lord thy God require of thee, but that thou fear the Lord thy God? But He requires of us that which He commands us to do. Therefore it is a matter of precept that man should fear God.
I answer that, Fear is twofold, servile and filial. Now just as man is induced, by the hope of rewards, to observe precepts of law, so too is he induced thereto by the fear of punishment, which fear is servile. And just as according to what has been said (A. 1 ), in the promulgation of the Law there was no need for a precept of the act of hope, and men were to be induced to this fear by the threat of punishment. And this was realized both in the precepts of the decalogue, and afterwards, in due sequence, in the secondary precepts of the Law. Yet, just as the wise man and the prophets who, consequently, strove to strengthen man in the observance of the Law, delivered their teaching about hope under the form of admonition or command, so too did they in the matter of fear."
Clark was born in Brattleboro, Vermont in January 1993 and has lived there all his life. He is currently in 8th grade at Brattleboro Area Middle School. Clark has various useful hobbies (including acting, music, athletics and eating), and is involved in many assorted musical and extracurricular activities (such as MathCounts, Odyssey Choral Ensemble, BAMS Jazz Band, and the Guilford 9 O'Clock Choir). Clark can be very funny if he wants to be funny, and can also be very unfunny if he wants to be unfunny. Of course, Clark can also be very unfunny when he's trying to be very funny. (Example: right now.) Clark is of the male gender, as has been foreshadowed by this paragraph's use of pronouns, and enjoys writing about himself in the third person. Clark, although a good student, is a terminal procrastinator and can get distracted very easily; at many times he can not even finish writing a complete sent
Clark also has the distinguished position of being the current NEYT Mentor Council Treasurer! Woohoo Clark!